Page 104 - Security Today, September 2018

Comparing Wireless CWommunication Protocols
By Andy Jimenez
tion from the internet.
How does it work? Wi-Fi uses Internet Protocol (IP) to commu-
nicate between endpoint devices and the LAN. A Wi-Fi connection is established using a wireless router that is connected to the network and allows devices to access the internet.
One disadvantage of Wi-Fi is that it may be prone to interfer- ence depending on the RF environment it’s operating in. Everything from other Wi-Fi signals to radio waves emitted by microwave ov- ens to cement walls can interfere with your data transmission. That’s where Wi-Fi’s two frequencies, 2.4GHz and 5GHz, come in. Wi-Fi can broadcast on both frequencies, helping its signal cut through all the noise and deliver a fast, strong signal from your wireless router to your device.
What applications is it best for? LAN video, e-mail, and web applica- tions requiring higher data rate network connections (1Mbps-1Gbps).
Li-Fi
What is it? Li-Fi is a form of visual light communication that sees light waves from LED bulbs for high-speed wireless communication. It is used to exchange data quickly and securely at a much lower pow- er level compared to Wi-Fi.
How does it work? When a constant current source is applied to an LED bulb, it emits a constant stream of photons observed as visible light. When this current is varied slowly, the bulb dims up and down. Since the bulbs are semiconductors, the current and optical output can be modulated at extremely high speeds that can be detected by a photodetector device and converted back to electrical current.
Li-Fi has fewer interference issues than RF technology, making it ideal for dense environments where Wi-Fi may fall short. It can’t penetrate solid materials, which makes it more secure, but also means a Li-Fi network in a building would need multiple transmitter bulbs, so a mobile user could experience seamless wireless coverage as they move between the illumination area of each LED bulb.
What applications is it best for? Li-Fi is still a long way from wide- spread commercialization, but it has potential applications for the In- ternet of Things in many industries, including aerospace, education, consumer electronics, healthcare, retail, security and transportation.
Bluetooth
What is it? A standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices.
i-Fi is a technology based on the IEEE 802.11 suite of standards that uses radio frequencies (RF) extend wired Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN) to Wi-Fi-enabled devices, al- lowing the devices to receive and send informa-
How does it work? Bluetooth sends and receives radio waves in a band of 79 different frequencies (channels) centered on 2.45 GHz, set apart from radio, television and cellphones, and reserved for use by industrial, scientific and medical gadgets.
Bluetooth’s short-range transmitters have very low power con- sumption and are more secure than wireless networks that operate over longer ranges, such as Wi-Fi.
What applications is it best for? Bluetooth is a global 2.4 GHz personal area network for short-range wireless communication.
Device-to-device file transfers, mobile credentials, wireless speak- ers and wireless headsets are often enabled with Bluetooth.
ZigBee
What is it? ZigBee is a 2.4 GHz mesh local area network (LAN) pro- tocol. It was developed as an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.
How does it work? ZigBee devices transmit data over long dis- tances by passing it through a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. ZigBee networks have a defined rate of 250 MBps and are secured by 128-bit symmetric encryption keys.
What applications is it best for? ZigBee is typically used in low- data-rate applications that require high scalability, long battery life, and secure networking. It is simpler and less expensive than Blue- tooth or Wi-Fi and is commonly used for home, building and indus- trial automation applications, such as controlled
lighting and thermostats, home energy monitors, smart metering, medical device data collection, traffic management systems and other low-power, low-bandwidth needs.
Andy Jimenez is the vice president of technology at Anixter.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATION
SUCCESS METRICS
DATA RATE
RANGE
Wi-Fi
LAN Internet
Speed Flexibility
.1-7 GBps
100m
Li-Fi
LAN Internet
Security Speed Cost
1-3.5 GBps
10m
Bluetooth
PAN, Mobile Credentials
Cost, Convenience
48 MBps
<300m
ZigBee
Sensor Networks
Reliability, Power Scalability, Cost
.250MBps
70-300m
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