Page 81 - OHS, September 2024

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occur to assist thermoregulation. After exercise, the fluid should be restored by drinking a volume of fluid that is equivalent to ~125- 150 percent of the remaining fluid deficit11 (e.g., 1.25–1.5 L fluid for every 1 kg BW lost).
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Post-Hydration Strategies:
■ Fluid replacement. Drink 125- 150 percent of the remaining fluid deficit (1.25–1.5 L for every 1 kg lost) immediately after work and gradually over the next few hours. Use electro- lyte solutions.
■ Monitoring. Monitor urine col- or and volume, aiming for pale yellow urine. Use real-time sweat loss technol- ogy or pre/post-body-weight assess- ments to determine fluid loss.
Matt Marrapode is the Senior Direc- tor of Business Development at Epicore Biosystems.
REFERENCES
1. tinyurl.com/49nzz7zy 2. tinyurl.com/mryr9xkd 3. tinyurl.com/mvf5t5t5 4. tinyurl.com/2mz63dhu 5. tinyurl.com/yck66an8 6. tinyurl.com/5xj57ywh 7. tinyurl.com/57jpu3jm 8.tinyurl.com/2pnjzsvk
9. tinyurl.com/4af29kun 10. tinyurl.com/ku6t7ur2 11. tinyurl.com/kkmccz32 12. tinyurl.com/27bj4jeb
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Some, but not all, sodium should be replaced when sweat so- dium losses are high12, which may occur when there is some com- bination of moderate to prolonged duration exercise in the heat (>1–2 h), moderate-to-high sweating rates (>1.5 L/h) and/or mod- erate-to-high sweat sodium concentrations (>60 mmol/L).
Athletes who sweat profusely, especially when overlaid with a high sweat sodium concentration, may be at greater risk for cramp- ing, particularly when not acclimatized to the heat and environment.
Over-drinking fluids in excess of sweat and urinary losses is the primary cause of hyponatremia (blood sodium <135 mmol/L), also known as water intoxication, although this can be exacerbated in cases where there are excessive losses of sodium in sweat and fluid replacement involving low-sodium beverages.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
As global temperatures rise, the need for innovative heat stress management solutions becomes urgent. Wearable technologies and personalized hydration strategies can safeguard industrial workers’ health and boost productivity. Implementing effective hy- dration protocols requires education, training, management sup- port, and advanced monitoring technologies. Embracing these ad- vancements ensures a safer and more resilient workforce, offering practical and effective solutions to heat stress challenges. Contin- ued investment can create a healthier and more productive work environment for all industrial athletes.
Pre-Hydration Strategies:
■ Fluid intake. Consume 5–10 ml/kg body weight (2–4 ml/lb) 2 to 4 hours before work. Ensure urine is pale yellow and include sodium in fluids and foods to enhance retention.
■ Fluid balance. Check hydration status by monitoring urine color and volume and/or sweat loss and volume. Drink small amounts consistently and use electrolyte solutions containing so- dium and potassium.
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