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FP AP LE L: RP ER SO PT IE RC AT TI O O NR Y P R O T E C T I O N are used and maintained. While respirator designs have seen limited changes, recent advances in managing respiratory protection programs and emerging trends have been driving improvements in this field. This includes online tools to help determine the type of respirator, including the OSHA Advisor Genius: Selecting an Appropriate Respirator and the NIOSH MultiVaporTM app to estimate how long a chemical cartridge will last. Respirator Improvements In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of re- spiratory protection reached unprecedented levels, particularly in healthcare. Extensive research efforts have focused on improving the comfort and efficacy of N95 respirators, which are crucial for safeguarding healthcare workers from airborne infections. Materials science and ergonomic design advances have resulted in respirators that offer enhanced breathability and improved fit, minimizing discomfort during prolonged use. Moreover, the in- creased emphasis on respiratory protection in healthcare has paved the way for cross-industry learning, where strategies employed in medical settings are adapted to other occupational exposures. Certain industries and occupations demand stringent respira- tory protection measures due to the nature of their work. Emer- gency responders, firefighters, and individuals working with highly hazardous materials face unique challenges that necessitate high levels of respiratory protection. The physically demanding nature of these occupations, combined with exposure to hazardous sub- The increased emphasis on respiratory protection in healthcare has paved the way for cross-industry learning, where strategies employed in medical settings are adapted to other occupational exposures. stances, increases the risk of adverse health effffects. Consequently, respiratory protection and industrial hygiene programs must spe- cifically address and mitigate these risks. Inadequate respiratory protection exposes workers to various health risks, including inhaling harmful chemicals and mechani- cal damage caused by particulate matter. Additionally, substances like crystalline silica, when inhaled, can penetrate deep into the lungs, and cause mechanical damage. 30 Occupational Health & Safety | JULY/AUGUST 2023 www.ohsonline.com