Page 94 - OHS, July/August 2021

SAFETY LEADERSHIP
a
m
n
a
o
m
e
o
e
m
.
m
y
c
o
v
.
c
v
b
a
l
p
a
n
p
a
t
t
t
f
t
h
f
t
h
h
t
t
e
e
a
k
a
k
a
r
t
o
r
t
o
n
n
r
e
e
t
ti
e
i
e
i
g
i
s
u
s
u
e
d
o
o
on
f
t
h
f
t
h
ni
n
n
t
t
e
e
s
f
s
f
is
r
c
e
i
e
i
sp
r
r
a
a
p
a
c
t
i
c
t
i
e
e
e
e
o
n
n
ai
t
t
l
l
n
i
.
W
.
W
e
e
f
r
f
r
d
d
t
o
o
r
r
n
a
n
a
o
o
a
a
to
o
t
n
n
c
t
i
c
t
i
s
o
s
o
h
h
t
a
t
a
t
h
e
e
o
o
he
t
i
t
i
n
t
h
n
t
h
n
a
n
a
e
t
n
w
h
n
w
h
o
o
n
n
t
n
n
o
o
a
l
a
l
n
n
e
e
e
e
d
t
d
t
,
t
h
,
t
h
a
a
e
eo
t
i
t
i
o
o
o
s
b
e
s
b
e
x
x
e
f
e
f
n
n
f
fv
c
c
e
o
e
o
h
h
role in how we react to the message.
The Effect of Nonverbal Cues on Communication
Facial expressions play a significant role in communication, as they convey the emotional state of an individual to an observer. The eyes especially are viewed as important features of facial expressions. Such things as blinking rate can be used to assess whether or not a person is nervous or may be lying. Eye contact is considered an important aspect of interpersonal communication. These beliefs may differ in different cultures.
Posture also plays a role in nonverbal communication. Certain postures such as crossed legs or folded arms may signal defensiveness, while an open posture may portray friendliness. Leaning toward a speaker signals interest in what is being said. Mirroring (copying the other person’s posture) helps to subtly develop a connection with another person. Paying attention to posture will improve communication.
Gestures such as hand, head or body movement can express or emphasize an idea or emotion. Research has found that when gestures and words are aligned, the message is more effective, but
Tone pertains to pitch, volume, pace and emphasis used in delivering a message. Pitch of voice (intensity, degree of high and low) and its timing also play a role in the quality of the communication. When tone is varied, life and energy are injected into the message. Tone of voice conveys emotions like excitement, enthusiasm and humor. Our tone conveys our attitude, whether we send a message of humor, anger, sarcasm, jealousy or sincerity.
Research indicates that people make instinctive judgment of others based upon the tone of voice used. People instinctively respond positively or negatively to tone of voice. Tone might actually be more important than what is literally being said. The same sentence can have different meaning depending on which word is emphasized and the tone of voice used. A common complaint about upsetting messages is that, though the delivered message may not seem offensive, the tone of voice used in the statement was hurtful and impacted the result. Also, any statement that may seem neutral on paper can become very offensive if spoken with a sarcastic or demeaning tone of voice.
Speaking slower has a number of positive effects on communication. It is important to slow down when giving advice,
vo
o
c
u
o
c
u
a
a
o
i
i
n
n
f
v
f
v
i
i
n
n
c
ce
g
g
g
s
a
g
s
a
s
g
r
s
g
r
eo
e
i
e
i
o
o
i
i
o
c
c
r
rn
i
i
s
n
s
n
a
a
e
t
a
k
i
e
t
a
k
i
d
a
d
a
v
i
v
i
no
t
a
t
a
o
e
e
n
n
n
n
g
g
t
t
e
e
v
v
d
h
d
h
a
a
n
n
s
t
s
t
e
e
t
i
t
i
g
o
g
o
r
r
v
v
b
b
a
o
o
o
t
h
o
t
h
e
e
al
w
t
h
w
t
h
,
e
,
e
n
a
s
n
a
s
l
c
co
e
n
n
e
e
n
o
e
e
e
m
m
m
i
i
mp
o
o
o
g
n
g
n
t
i
t
i
p
o
n
e
on
e
o
o
i
i
s
s
fi
fi
n
s
a
s
a
n
n
e
en
a
l
l
a
l
l
r
r
c
a
c
a
b
a
l
T
sE
n
g
g
t
t
w
h
e
d
y
t
h
w
h
ner and
e
t
r
e
l
e
e
n
t
h
n
t
h
a
i
c
t
f
r
s
t
e
e
y
a
e
y
a
n
o
e
r
m
t
h
s
a
r
r
e
n
e
n
n
e
m
d
a
d
a
o
o
t
a
l
t
a
l
d
d
e
d
v
d
v
i
i
s
g
n
g
n
s
a
s
a
a
l
a
l
e
d
e
d
g
g
e
e
u
u
.
G
e
.
G
e
e
t
e
t
,
t
h
,
t
h
o
c
o
c
e
y
t
e
y
t
s
s
t
t
o
o
u
u
r
r
m
m
e
e
e
e
n
n
s
a
l
s
a
l
m
m
d
t
d
t
u
u
n
n
o
c
o
c
s
o
h
s
o
h
i
i
c
a
c
a
o
o
t
i
t
i
n
n
e
e
i
i
o
o
f
u
f
u
g
h
g
h
n
n
s
e
t
h
s
e
t
h
t
t
e
e
n
t
h
n
t
h
e
l
e
l
e
i
e
i
i
i
s
s
t
t
e
d
e
erest of
e
t
r
a
c
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
e
s
n
n
t
t
h
t
e
l
i
s
t
e
n
e
r
s
a
n
h
a
r
g
e
d
o
r
c
o
n
n
n
t
To
o
n
n
e
eo
of
f
V
V
o
o
i
i
c
ce
e
’
’
s
E
f
ff
f
e
e
c
c
t
to
on
n
C
C
o
o
m
m
m
m
u
u
n
ni
ic
c
a
a
t
ti
i
o
on
Download OH&S podcasts on the safety industry’s most essential topics!
Subscribe or listen at ohsonline.com/safetypod
OHS_SafetyPod_house_ad_1.7.21.indd 1
90Untitled-19Oc1cupational Health & Safety | JULY/AUGUST 2021
1/7/21 1:50 PM www.o1h/s7/o2n1 li4n:e13.cPoMm